- In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence is a process whereby larger entities arise through interactions among smaller or simpler entities such that the larger entities exhibit properties the smaller/simpler entities do not exhibit.
- Emergence is central in theories of integrative levels and of complex systems. For instance, the phenomenon of life* as studied in biology is an emergent property of chemistry and psychological phenomena emerge from the neurobiological phenomena of living things. Likewise, economic and legal phenomena emerge from psychology.
- In philosophy, emergence typically refers to emergentism. Almost all accounts of emergentism include a form of epistemic or ontological irreducibility to the lower levels.(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergence#cite_note-Wong-1)
- Wikipedia, Emergence
- When matter is pulled from all directions towards a certain point
- Galactic discs
- Solar and black hole discs
- Drains
- Tornadoes (Air pressure)
- When matter is pulled or pushed in a general direction (follows the path of least resistance)
- Rivers or water tracts of any size
- Lungs
- Blood vessels. Close your eyes with the sun shining on your eyelids and you can see this at any time.
- Tree branches
- Leaf vessels
- When matter diffuses outwards in a general direction without real resistance:
- Nebulae
- Clouds
- Ink in water
- When matter is being pushed outwards in a certain direction
- Nautilus shell
- Snail shell
- Lettuce leaves
- All mixed up and in flux. Different concentrations and pressures play a big role.
- Ocean currents (liquids)
- The weather (gasses)
- Networks. (Free floating, but with associations and concentrations)
- Large scale structure of the universe
- Neurons
- Trees looking like rivers
- Why does gravity make planets and stars spherical but galaxies thin disks?
- Reddit community, Why does gravity make planets and stars spherical but galaxies thin disks? Das_Mime Radio Astronomy | Galaxy Evolution 201 points 15 hours ago
- Hydrostatic equilibrium. Stars and planets are supported (prevented from collapsing) by the physical pressure of the solids or fluids that make them up. Galaxies, on the other hand, are prevented from collapsing by the velocity of their component stars-- each star is on an orbit around the galaxy. Disk galaxies form out of collapsing clouds of gas (just like solar systems do), which always form disks, because disks are the only stable way to have collisional gas orbiting a central object over many orbits. Otherwise the gas streams will just run into each other and trade angular momentum until they've equilibrated to coplanar orbits.
- Superclusters do not have a standard shape. This is essentially because the time it would take for them to undergo many dynamical timescales (the time for galaxies to complete an orbit around the center) and thus become regular in shape is longer than the age of the universe*.
- Galaxy clusters often do have a somewhat regular shape, at least in the sense that they have a large cD elliptical galaxy sitting at the middle and a spheroidal distribution of galaxies around it, with a gradually decreasing density of galaxies as you get farther away from the center. But even so, they are much less regular than the shapes of most galaxies, because they take much longer to smooth out the irregularities, and there are more galaxies falling into the cluster all the time.
- In other words the Universe is too young at the moment. Shapes may form, just not yet.